Our experience of urban green‑space is inherently complex and multidimensional. While current policy frameworks often promote tree‑planting and green‑space expansion, many rely on simplified standards such as the ‘3‑30‑300’ rule, which assumes that visibility of trees, neighbourhood canopy coverage, and proximity within 300 metres of a green space are sufficient to deliver health benefits. However, recent research conducted in Florida challenges this assumption—particularly the idea that proximity alone fulfills the ‘300’ criterion in a meaningful way for stress reduction.
Drawing on survey data from over 1,300 residents aged 45 and older, the study examined self‑reported stress in relation to nature visitation habits, sociodemographic factors, and proximity to trees or canopy cover. This age group represents a substantial portion of the local population, often experiencing diverse life circumstances such as chronic health conditions, shifting social roles, major life transitions, bereavement, and retirement—factors that can influence both stress levels and the ways individuals interact with nearby green spaces. By investigating the interplay between these factors, the study provides important insights for designing healthier and more supportive living environments, especially with regard to accessibility, usability, and engagement with nature
In this study, engagement and visiting nature were found to have an impact on stress levels rather than just living nearby a green space. Those who visited nature more often were found to experience lower self-reported levels of stress. While canopy targets for tree planting remain important for heat mitigation and ecosystems, this study advocates that reduction in stress was not related to tree canopy cover. It demonstrates the importance of well designed urban green spaces with mixed planting schemes, for example, plants which display seasonal variation and have areas for rest suitable for the climate. These spaces should be designed to encourage frequent visits and foster community engagement. A focus on aspects such as walkability, seating, shade and sensory-experience of planted urban areas creates places to which local residents return.
Suhendy, C.C.V., Koeser, A.K., Klein, R.W., Warner, L., van den Bosch, M. and Hansen, G., 2025. The Influence of Urban Forest on Stress Levels Among Adults Aged 45 and Older: An Environmental and Socioeconomic Analysis in Florida, US. Trees, Forests and People, p.101118.
